What Is GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1)?
Category: Biology
A gut hormone that regulates appetite, blood sugar, and gastric emptying. GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide mimic this hormone for weight management.
Detailed Explanation
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone produced by L-cells in the small intestine in response to food intake. It stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety (feeling full). GLP-1 receptor agonists are synthetic analogs that mimic these effects but with much longer duration of action. They have revolutionized the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Practical Context
GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy) and the dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound) are among the most widely discussed peptides for weight management. They require careful titration - starting at low doses and gradually increasing over weeks to minimize gastrointestinal side effects like nausea. These peptides are administered once weekly, and their effects on appetite are typically noticed within the first few days of treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do GLP-1 agonists cause weight loss?
They work through multiple mechanisms: reducing appetite and food cravings, slowing gastric emptying (making you feel full longer), and improving insulin sensitivity. The combined effect typically results in significant caloric reduction.
Related Peptides
- Semaglutide - A GLP-1 receptor agonist used for weight management and blood sugar control. (Dosage | Calculator)
- Tirzepatide - A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for weight management. (Dosage | Calculator)
Related Terms
- Semaglutide - A GLP-1 receptor agonist used for weight management and type 2 diabetes. The active ingredient in brand-name medications Ozempic and Wegovy. Administered once weekly.
- Tirzepatide - A dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist for weight management and type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials showed up to 22.5% body weight reduction. Brand names include Mounjaro and Zepbound.
- Titration - The process of gradually increasing a medication dose over time. Essential for GLP-1 agonists to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Typically involves increasing the dose every 4 weeks.
- Half-Life - The time it takes for half of a substance to be eliminated from the body. Determines dosing frequency - shorter half-life peptides need more frequent dosing.